Employment Opportunities, Government Plans, Organized and Unorganized Sectors, Rural and Urban Employment, Economic Growth, and Employment, Agriculture and Employment, The Role of Manufacturing in The Employment Generation, Make in India and Create Job Opportunities:
Employment Opportunities
A person who is employed as a user is called an employed user. You can focus on agriculture, business, career or service. In India, a person who works 8 hours a day for 273 days a year is a factor per year for every ordinary person. Therefore, a person named an employee must obtain purposeful Employment Opportunities for at least 2,184 hours per year. The person who does not get employment for this period is known as the unemployed person.
Division of Employment Opportunities
In general, the economy is classified in primary, secondary and tertiary sectors. Agriculture and related activities, such as forestry, fishing, dairy farming, mining, and quarrying, are economic activities in the primary sector. Manufacturing, electricity, gas, water, and construction are secondary sectors. The third sector, also known as the services sector, includes trade, transport, storage, communications, financial services and social and personal services.
Employment in Organized and Unorganized Sectors
The Indian economy is divided into organized and unorganized sectors. The informal sector in this country is very important. All agriculture in the informal sector. In addition to agriculture, most of the mining, construction, trade, transport and communications services, as well as social and personal services, are also in the informal sector. In general, the regulated sector is limited to manufacturing, electricity and financial services.
Rural and Urban Employment
In the rural sector, most jobs are in agricultural and related activities. Employment outside agricultural and primary activities, to the secondary and tertiary sectors, is fairly low. In the urban sector, most jobs are in the secondary and tertiary sectors. This means that in urban areas, most people participate in business, whether it is manufacturing or trade, profession, and service. In the 1980s and beyond, there was a shift in Employment Opportunities from rural to urban areas, from the primary to the secondary and tertiary sectors.
Economic Growth and Employment
The size of employment in a country depends to a large extent on the level of development. As a result, as the country progresses and production increases, Employment Opportunities increases. In India, production has expanded over the last three decades in all sectors of the economy. However, during the planning period, unemployment increased in absolute terms. This happened because, during the first three decades of economic planning, the trend growth rate was well below the target. As a result, jobs were not created in sufficient numbers. In addition, economic growth per se does not solve the problem of unemployment. “The arithmetic figure above the growth rate is neither a necessity nor a sufficient condition for alleviating unemployment,” said Prabhat Patnaik.
The conflict between growth and Employment Opportunities is rooted in the Mahalanobis strategy that has guided development efforts in India for nearly two decades. The basic premise of economic planning in India is that growth will automatically solve the problem of unemployment. However, this was not the case. Since the adoption of neoliberal economic policies in India over the past decades and a half, the Government’s concern over the high rate of economic growth has made it entirely external to the potential conflict between economic growth and Employment Opportunities. Therefore, in recent years, India’s growth has been mainly “not working” and sometimes even “job loss”. This confirms the fact that unemployment increased during the 1990s and early years of the current decade.
Agriculture and Employment
“Kisano Ki-samridi”, farmers’ well-being is essential for the nation’s prosperity. Kisan is the guardian of our food security. Anadata Sukibava was one of our fundamental values of civilization. This is the moment when the government takes several steps to launch the second Green Revolution across the country. India lives in villages. The agricultural sector is the spirit of the Indian economy and the Indian people.
The share of agriculture in employment was 48.9 percent of the labor force. In other words, agriculture is the main source.
With an estimated growth rate of 2.5%, about 4 million new rural workers are added to the workforce each year, posing a serious problem for policymakers in responding to the need to create jobs.
Improving agricultural productivity can greatly absorb this labor force, but this will not be enough to solve the current problem of the active workforce.
What is the challenge is demand-driven diversification into high-value agricultural activities such as horticulture and livestock?
Diversification of agriculture in high-value agricultural projects is expected to generate a second wave of economic growth and job creation in the agricultural sector.
Four clear trends can be identified that can increase agricultural diversification such as:
(1) The economic weight of high value-added agricultural products (such as horticulture and livestock) is increasing in the national food economy;
(2) domestic demand for processed and value-added food products is increasing;
(3) The world food economy has become increasingly an open market that opens new horizons for Indian food products;
4 In general, value-added food trade is gaining importance in agricultural commodities. It is important to note that most food products are perishable products or processed food products.
These trends mean that economic weight (value-added and job creation) for agriculture is likely to change in two directions:
(Such as cereals and legumes) to high-value agricultural activities (such as horticulture and livestock).
Clearly, two valuable proposals that open enormous opportunities for rural income and job creation are
(i) diversification of valuable agricultural products – such as fruits, vegetables, and animal products, including livestock – as a non-agricultural rural activity.
(ii) food processing as a non-agricultural rural activity.
The Role of Manufacturing in The Employment Generation
The manufacturing sector is widely regarded as the processing sector, with agricultural workers shifting from low-skilled jobs to higher-value jobs. This is because economic development has historically followed a trend of withdrawing people from agriculture and transferring them to non-agricultural activities such as manufacturing and services. The role of manufacturing (the industrial sector) in absorbing the excess burden of the agricultural sector is also evident in the development experience of many developed countries and, more recently, in several countries in South-East Asia.
This makes manufacturing very important for India, where agriculture accounts for less of GDP but represents a disproportionate share of Employment Opportunities.
A substantial supply of people in the working age group would stimulate growth in the manufacturing sector. However, in order to absorb a large part of this workforce, it is necessary to focus more on creating strong human capital. This is important given that some manufacturing industries, such as transport equipment, oil, and electrical machinery, require specialized training that can only be met by a skilled workforce.
According to a recent study by management consultancy McKinsey & Co., India’s manufacturing industry is expected to reach $ 1 trillion by 2025. Industry experts attribute the increasing demand for production units and the tendency to set up low-cost plants in India by multinationals for this possible development.
About 90 million local jobs are expected to be created during this period, with the manufacturing sector accounting for 25 to 30 percent of India’s gross domestic product (GDP). The growing economy of India provides international business and home players a variety of opportunities for adventure and growth.
Major market engines of the Indian manufacturing industry:
1. India’s manufacturing sector experienced slow growth due to a slowdown in investment.
2. National Manufacturing Policy proposes to increase the share of manufacturing in GDP to 25% to create 100 million jobs in the coming decades.
3. Additional capacity is to be installed in all manufacturing units.
4. The Public Procurement Policy, which integrates technology with common equipment centers, has been proposed, while Khadi Mark’s efforts to promote small and small enterprises have begun.
To stimulate growth in the manufacturing sector and to make the sector competitive on a global scale, the government announced its national manufacturing policy in 2011. The policy was to increase the manufacturing share of GDP from 16 to 25 percent and to create 100 million jobs by 2022. The policy states that the Center will provide a favorable framework and incentives for infrastructure development in the development of the public-private partnership and that state governments will encourage the adoption of the instruments provided for in the Convention. Policies; the establishment of national investment and industrial zones, the simplification and simplification of trade regulations, SME incentives, industrial training, skills improvement measures, and others.
However, growth in the manufacturing sector remains a concern. With nearly 63% of the working-age population (aged 15-64), the Prime Minister, in a speech on Independence Day 2014 called the world to “make in India” and “manufacturing in India.” The growth of industrialization in this sector is necessary to create jobs for young people.
Make in India and Create Job Opportunities
India’s “Make in India” initiative, officially announced in September 2014, aims to facilitate investment, encourage innovation, promote skills development, protect intellectual property, build the best manufacturing infrastructure, and transform India into a center for innovation. Manufacturing the world. In this paper, we tried to see the potential of action in the Making Initiative in India.
The Make in India 7 initiative focuses on 25 key sectors and is based on four pillars identified to stimulate entrepreneurship in India, not only in manufacturing but also in other sectors.
The four pillars are:
New Operations: “Making in India” recognizes that “ease of doing business” is the most important factor in promoting entrepreneurial spirit. Several initiatives have already been taken to facilitate the business environment.
New infrastructure: The government plans to develop industrial corridors and smart cities, creating a world-class infrastructure with advanced technology and broadband communications. Innovation and research activities support a rapid registration system and improve the infrastructure for registering intellectual property rights. The skills required for the industry must be defined, and therefore the workforce must be developed.
New sectors: FDI was largely open to defense, insurance, medical devices, construction, and rail infrastructure.
A new set of ideas: To join the industry in the country’s economic development, the government as a facilitator rather than an entrepreneur.
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